PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PENERIMA FIDUSIA ATAS JAMINAN BERUPA PIUTANG BERDASARKAN SURAT DAFTAR PIUTANG YANG DIBUAT OLEH PEMBERI FIDUSIA (Studi terhadap Pasal 9 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia)

Abstract

Abstract

Accounts Receivable as one of the fiduciary collaterals has been regulated in Law No. 42 of 1999 Article 9 concerning Fiduciary Collateral. However, the regulation is still powerless in providing legal certainty for creditor as the fiduciary acceptor who uses accounts receivable as fiduciary collateral. It occurs since not only it raises legal obscurity, but the law also has no certain further arrangements (uncompletely norm). As for the goals is to be able to analyze the legal protection for the fiduciary acceptor who uses accounts receivable as her/his collateral based on Accounts Receivable Collection Letter which is created by the fiduciary issuer as amended in Law No. 42 of 1999 Article 9 concerning Fiduciary Collateral and to be able to analyze and find the construction of legal protection will be in the future for the fiduciary acceptor who uses Accounts Receivable as her/his collateral. Juridical normative method with statute approach and conceptual approach are applied as the research methodologies for this study, which then will be analyzed by using prescriptive method. By using those methodologies, it can be identified that the Law No. 42 of 1999 Article 9 is indeed has legal obscurity regarding the credit objects as fiduciary collateral. Besides, obscurity also occurs on the AR Collection Letters made by the fiduciary issuer and the clause regarding the implementation of AR for the third party. As the consequence, various legal interpretations raise and give impact to creditor who becomes the fiduciary acceptor as he/she does not get a favorable law protection and might undergo a potential loss in the future. Derived from the writer’s interpretation, it can be concluded that creditor as the fiduciary acceptor needs legal certainty and legal protection in preventive way, in which it can be realized by doing a reconstruction towards the Law No. 42 of 1999 Article 9 concerning credit / accounts receivable as fiduciary collateral. Furthermore, constructing an appropriate legal protection for the fiduciary acceptor of credit / AR is also required. It can be applied by using a constriction method or in other words Rechtsvervijnings, which can be put on Government Regulation.

Key words: legal protection, fiduciary acceptor, credit as fiduciary warranty

Abstrak

Keberadaan piutang sebagai objek jaminan fidusia sudah diatur dalam Pasal 9 Undang-undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia (UUJF), namun ketentuan ini belum mampu memberikan kepastian hukum bagi kreditur selaku penerima fidusia dalam jaminan fidusia piutang karena masih mengandung kekaburan hukum dan belum adanya pengaturan lebih lanjut yang terkait (uncompletely norm). Adapun tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk dapat menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi penerima fidusia yang jaminannya berupa piutang berdasarkan Surat Daftar Piutang yang dibuat oleh pemberi fidusia dalam Pasal 9 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia dan bentuk konstruksi perlindungan hukum yang tepat bagi penerima fidusia yang objek jaminan fidusianya berupa piutang di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik preskripif. Melalui metode tersebut, diketahui bahwa Pasal 9 UUJF masih mengandung kekaburan hukum terkait jenis piutang yang dapat dijaminkan, eksistensi Surat Daftar Piutang yang dibuat oleh pemberi fidusia dan ketentuan mengenai eksekusi piutang terhadap pihak ketiga. Akibatnya timbul berbagai penafsiran hukum (multitafsir) yang menyebabkan kreditur selaku penerima fidusia piutang tidak memperoleh perlindungan hukum secara optimal dan berpotensi mengalami kerugian di kemudian hari. Kemudian berdasarkan interpretasi yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa kreditur selaku penerima fidusia piutang membutuhkan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum secara preventif yang dapat diwujudkan melalui rekonstruksi terhadap Pasal 9 UUJF terkait jaminan fidusia piutang, serta pembentukan konstruksi perlindungan hukum yang tepat bagi penerima fidusia piutang di masa yang akan datang melalui metode penyempitan/pengkonkretan hukum (Rechtsvervijnings) yang diwujudkan dalam suatu Peraturan Pemerintah.

 

Kata kunci: perlindungan hukum, penerima fidusia, jaminan fidusia piutang