PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP ANAK DIPLOMAT YANG MEMILIKI KEKEBALAN DARI KEKERASAN DALAM HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS KEKERASAN ANAK DIPLOMAT DI INGGRIS 2020)

Abstract

Natasha Annuri Salsabillah, Nurdin, A. A. A. Nanda Saraswati

 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya

Jl. MT. Haryono No.169, Malang

e-mail: natashaannuri@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Terjadi kasus kekerasan terhadap anak Diplomat yang dilakukan oleh Diplomat beserta istrinya di Inggris. Ayah dari anak-anak tersebut merupakan Diplomat dengan kekebalan diplomatik sesuai Konvensi Wina 1961. Atas dasar hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis terkait perlindungan terhadap anak Diplomat dari kekerasan sesuai hukum internasional serta praktik negara dalam menghadapi kasus yang serupa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum yuridis normatif melalui metode pendekatan statute Approach dan case approach. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan metode yang digunakan, adanya kekebalan yang dimiliki Diplomat dan rumah kediamannya menghambat adanya perlindungan yang dilakukan receiving state. Perlu adanya pencabutan kekebalan agar perlindungan dalam konteks perintah pengasuhan dapat dilaksanakan. Tindakan persona non grata sebagai last resort akhirnya dilakukan akibat adanya penolakan negara X untuk mencabut kekebalan Diplomat dan keluarga. Diplomat beserta istri dan kedua anaknya (S dan G) kembali ke negaranya dan mendapatkan perlindungan, sedangkan empat anak lainnya (N,A,D,E) mencari suaka di Inggris. Praktik-praktik negara dalam menghadapi kasus kekerasan terhadap anak Diplomat yaitu dengan sending state mengajukan care order kepada pengadilan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam praktiknya, perlindungan anak lebih diutamakan daripada kekebalan diplomatik. Meskipun demikian, care order akan ditolak karena adanya kekebalan yurisdiksi receiving state sesuai pasal 31 ayat (1) Konvensi Wina 1961. Oleh karena itu, persona non grata menjadi salah satu opsi yang sering digunakan negara untuk mencabut kekebalan Diplomat dan anaknya. Praktik tersebut sesuai dengan pasal 9 Konvensi Wina 1961. Setelah kekebalan dicabut, Diplomat beserta anak akan kembali ke negara asalnya dan perlindungan anak dilakukan oleh receiving state.

Kata Kunci: Kekebalan, Anak Diplomat, Perlindungan Anak

ABSTRACT

Violence against a child of a diplomat committed by a diplomat and his wife took place in England. The father of the children is a diplomat with diplomatic immunity according to Vienna Convention 1961. Departing from this issue, this research aims to analyze the protection of the diplomat’s children from violence according to international law and the measure taken by the state to deal with similar cases. This research employed normative-juridical methods and statutory and case approaches. the research results reveal that the immunity embedded in the diplomat concerned and the residence became hindrances to the protection provided by the receiving state. That is, the revocation of immunity must take place to allow for the protection regarding the care order. Persona non grata is considered the last resort following the refusal of state X to revoke the immunity of the diplomat and his family. The diplomat along with his wife and two children (S and G) returned to their state and received protection, while four other children (N, A, D, E) sought asylum in England. The care order proposed by the sending state to the court indicates that child protection is put as a priority over diplomatic immunity. However, a care order can face rejection due to juridical immunity of the receiving state as in line with Article 31 Paragraph (1) of the Vienna Convention 1961. Therefore, persona non grata can be an option often referred to by a state to revoke the immunity of a diplomat and his/her child. This practice is congruent with Article 9 of the Vienna convention 1961. Upon the revocation of the immunity, the diplomat and his family will have to return to their home country and child protection will be given by the receiving state. 

Keywords: immunity, diplomat’s child, child protection