Perampasan Aset Tanpa Pemidanaan dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia

Abstract

Agdanida Salsabila Wira Trisya Kanha, Bambang Sugiri, Milda Istiqomah

Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya

Jl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malang

e-mail: agdanidasalsa@student.ub.ac.id

ABSTRAK

Perampasan aset tanpa pemidanaan atau non-conviction based asset forfeiture/NCB adalah konsep pengembalian kerugian negara yang pertama kali berkembang di negara penganut sistem hukum common law, seperti Amerika Serikat. Tujuan penerapan asas ini yaitu agar upaya perampasan aset hasil tindak pidana, khususnya hasil korupsi telah secara maksimal dilakukan dan tidak menimbulkan masalah di kemudian hari. Namun, penggunaan asas ini terhambat dikarenakan belum adanya kerangka regulasi yang menjadi dasar pijakan asas tersebut dan di antara para sarjana hukum pun masih terdapat pertentangan terkait efektivitas penggunaannya. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa mekanisme perampasan aset tanpa pemidanaan dimasa mendatang dapat diatur dalam undang-undang perampasan aset dengan mekanisme yang sesuai dengan ketentuan United Nations Convention Against Corruption, yang memungkinkan penerapan pembuktian terbalik oleh pelaku tindak pidana korupsi sejak tahap penyidikan demi terwujudnya prinsip follow the money dalam pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, data sekunder menjadi data utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan asas non-conviction based asset forfeiture/NCB dapat mengoptimalkan pemulihan aset dalam tindak pidana korupsi.

Kata Kunci: non-conviction based asset forfeiture/NCB, perampasan aset, tindak pidana korupsi

ABSTRACT

The seizure of assets without sentencing, commonly termed as non-conviction-based asset forfeiture/NCB is the concept of returning money to the state, first developed in common law countries such as the US. This approach is intended to maximally confiscate assets gained from corruption crimes and to prevent any further problems in the future. However, the enforcement of this principle is often interrupted since there has not been any regulatory provision that serves as the stepping stone for this principle. Moreover, there have been some debates among legal scholars over its effectiveness. This article explains that the mechanism of non-conviction-based asset forfeiture could be governed in Law concerning Seizure of Asset under the mechanism equal to that in the provisions of the United Natiaons Convention Against Corruption which allows shifting burden of proof that the corruptor does from the start of the inquiry process to support follow-the-money principle in corruption eradication. This research employed normative-juridical methods with secondary data serving as the main research materials. The research result indicates that the implementation of non-conviction-based asset forfeiture/NCB could optimize the recovery of assets in corruption cases.

Keywords: non-conviction-based asset forfeiture/NCB, seizure of asset, corruption